Who are Trustees, and What Do They Do?
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Trustees are those individuals or entities named in a trust agreement to administer the trust. Trustees are required to manage and invest trust property. They also distribute the trust property to certain individuals (the beneficiaries) based upon the instructions contained in the trust. Trusts often last for years or even decades. This , a well-designed and drafted living trust agreement should include different trustees for different phases of your life, and the lives of your beneficiaries.
In a typical Revocable Living Trust, you will serve as your own Trustee as long as you remain “alive and well.” When a joint Living Trust is used (a trust created by both), the couple will usually serve as co-trustees of the trust while they are both “alive and well.” When each spouse has their own Trust, it is customary that both spouses will serve as co-trustees of each spouse’s individual Living Trust.
Because of longer life spans and medical advances, more people will suffer periods of disability prior to death; requiring the assistance of others to manage the Living Trust and its assets. One or more Disability Trustees should be named in the Trust document to take care of your personal affairs and assets in the event of disability or mental incapacity. It is critical that the Trust document include detailed instructions for the care of both you and your loved ones in the event you become disabled.
The trust should specifically state who is a permitted Trust beneficiary during your disability, and whether there is any priority for distributions (e .g., “provide for me, then my spouse, then my children, in that order of priority”). The Trust should also include your preferences for gifting of assets during a period of disability. For example, if you are using a gifting program to reduce the size of your estate, you may want that to continue during a period of disability. But a Trustee can do that only if the trust includes those instructions.
What is a Death Trustee?
You will also name one or more Death Trustees who will assume management of the Trust upon your death. The death trustees are responsible for all phases of Trust administration. This includes identifying assets, working with professional advisors to prepare tax returns, and distributing the trust assets to the beneficiaries. If assets are to remain in trust for one or more beneficiaries, the death trustees may be appointed as trustees. But other trustees may be named for that role.
If you create a “protective trust” for a child that will be funded at your death, or the death of you and your spouse if you are married, your attorney may suggest that a responsible adult child serve as a trustee of their own trust share along with a “friendly” co-trustee. This technique would allow for your child to have access to their trust assets for their needs. It can help insulate those assets against attacks by your child’s creditors, including a divorcing spouse.